Beef producers are paying attention to the risk of nitrate poisoning as cows are fed stored feeds and crop residues through winter. Nitrate poisoning can occur when cattle eat forages or feed with high levels of nitrate. Plants under stress from drought, frost, cloudy weather or heavy nitrogen fertilization can build up nitrates. These compounds can interfere with oxygen in the blood when converted to nitrite in the rumen and cause illness or death in cattle.

Testing for nitrates before grazing or feeding suspect forages helps producers understand the level of risk. Forages with elevated nitrate levels may be blended with low-nitrate feeds or grains to reduce the total nitrate intake. Testing can also help determine whether stored feeds are safe or need dilution before use. 

Feeding practices are adjusted so cattle do not consume large amounts of high-nitrate forage all at once. Offering roughage that is low in nitrates before turning cows onto risky feed or pasture reduces their intake of the problematic forage. Gradually introducing forage that has higher nitrate levels gives rumen microbes time to adjust. 

Harvest and grazing timing also factor into reducing nitrate hazards. Nitrates tend to concentrate in the lower parts of the plant, so raising cutting or grazing height can lower the levels cattle ingest. Waiting after drought breaks before grazing or harvesting can allow nitrate levels in plants to fall naturally. 

Producers are advised to watch cattle closely for any signs of distress, particularly when introducing new feeds in winter. If signs of nitrate poisoning appear, moving animals to safe feed and getting veterinary guidance promptly can limit harm. Regular forage testing, balanced rations and careful feeding management are key to keeping overwintering beef cows healthy and productive.