KATHMANDU — Nepal finds itself engulfed in its most turbulent political crisis in years, sparked by a short-lived government ban on popular social media platforms. The move, targeting Facebook, Instagram, X, YouTube and others, was met with mass demonstrations led by young people, drawing attention to grievances over corruption, nepotism and shrinking freedoms.

Students and young adults poured into the streets of Kathmandu and other cities on Sept. 8, turning initial protests over online restrictions into widespread expressions of political discontent. Tensions peaked as protesters attempted to breach the federal parliament building, prompting security forces to respond with tear gas, water cannons, rubber bullets and live rounds.

By the close of the day, at least 19 people had been killed and hundreds wounded across the capital and beyond. The government revoked the ban the following day, but the unrest had already escalated.

Political fallout followed swiftly. The home minister resigned, accepting moral responsibility for the bloodshed, and the prime minister stepped down amid mounting pressure.  Demonstrators, undeterred, turned their fury on symbols of authority, setting fire to parliament and homes of high-level officials.

Air travel came to a halt as Kathmandu’s international airport closed, forcing flight diversions. The army assumed control of key infrastructure, adding to the sense of national crisis.

Observers say the social media ban served merely as a spark. Long-standing frustration among young people over inequality, limited opportunities and the ostentatious displays of privilege by political families fueled their determination.  Many protesters underscored their demands through online movements, even as digital platforms were under threat.

An independent inquiry panel has been ordered to investigate the violence, mandate relief for victims’ families and suggest measures to prevent future tragedies. As Nepal grapples with the aftermath, the country faces a crossroads: return to business as usual, or heed the call for sweeping political renewal.